La Comunidad del Caribe exige «justicia climática» en la previa de la COP 26

En 27/10/2021

Notas sobre el tema

CARICOM pide más ayuda para los países vulnerables frente al cambio climático

La Comunidad del Caribe (Caricom) hizo este miércoles un llamamiento a la solidaridad internacional para limitar el calentamiento global y ayudar económicamente a los países vulnerables de la región, que enfrentan una emergencia climática y pérdidas y daños inevitables.

Los 15 miembros de Caricom se dirigieron con su declaración a los líderes que asisten a la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (COP26), que se celebra en la ciudad escocesa de Glasgow entre los días 1 y 12 de noviembre.

«Hacemos un llamado urgente a la solidaridad mundial para brindar acción oportuna y apoyo para una transición justa en esta década con el objetivo de limitar el calentamiento global a muy por debajo de 1,5 grados», pidió la organización regional.

La declaración, adoptada por los ministros de Medioambiente de Caricom, exigió asimismo «justicia climática» y garantías de que la supervivencia de los países del Caribe no se verá comprometida.

Al respecto, urgió a que la comunidad internacional apoye el acceso rápido de los miembros de Caricom a subvenciones y otros instrumentos financieros en condiciones sostenibles y asequibles.

La entidad solicitó a los países desarrollados que cumplan con su objetivo de al menos 100 mil millones de dólares por año y que presenten un plan creíble para el periodo entre 2020 y 2025 que supere esa cantidad.

«Proporcionar fondos dedicados adicionales por año para ayudar al Caribe a responder de manera proactiva a las pérdidas y daños que ya se están produciendo», agregó.

La declaración recuerda que hace 30 años los Pequeños Estados Insulares en Desarrollo (SIDS por sus siglas en inglés) ya plantearon la cuestión de las pérdidas y los daños y, por tanto, la necesidad de la cooperación internacional.

«Treinta años después nos enfrentamos a un cambio climático peligroso y los SIDS están peligrosamente en su primera línea. Claramente los modelos no han funcionado y ahora hay que renovar el esfuerzo y el compromiso», instó Caricom.

Por ello, pidió a todos los líderes en la COP26 a que «finalmente enfrenten la realidad de pérdidas y daños en los SIDS e identifiquen opciones sólidas» para garantizar la supervivencia de estos Estados porque —advirtió— «no hay más tiempo para equívocos ni para demoras».

La Comunidad del Caribe está integrada por Antigua y Barbuda, Barbados, Belice, Dominica, Granada, Guyana, Haití, Jamaica, Montserrat, San Cristóbal y Nieves, Santa Lucía, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Surinam y Trinidad y Tobago.

ABC

Declaración de CARICOM sobre el cambio climático previa a la COP26

Underscoring that Small Island and low-lying coastal Developing States (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable to climate change, and have been internationally recognized as a special case for sustainable development,

Recalling the Special Report of the IPCC on 1.5°C and the recent IPCC Report which confirms that the current decade is the final opportunity to keep 1.5°C within reach,

Gravely concerned that global average warming has already reached 1.2°C, and the prospect of exceeding 1.5°C in the 2030s is imminent, noting in this regard that the IPCC projects that global warming could rise to 2.7°C by the end of the century,

Alarmed that even at 1.5°C SIDS will continue to experience the worsening of slow onset events and extreme events including more intense storms, along with heavy or continuous rainfall events, ocean acidification, increased marine heatwaves, rising sea levels together with storm surges resulting in coastal inundation, saltwater intrusion into aquifers and shoreline retreat, as well as the continued overall decline in rainfall, increased aridity, and more severe agricultural and ecological droughts,

Recognizing that these impacts threaten both human and natural systems, and that the already steep social, economic and environmental costs have already exceeded the Region’s overall capacity to adapt,

Underscoring thus the limits to the region’s adaptive capacity, the increasing evidence and the growing toll of loss and damage, with cataclysmic and existential implications for the Caribbean,

Emphasizing with consternation that while the Region emits roughly 0.2% of global greenhouse gases, it is disproportionately bearing the costs of a climate crisis it did not create,

Further emphasizing that the ineligibility of CARICOM Members to access grant or concessionary support has contributed to increasing unsustainable debt burdens that are grossly exacerbated by the economic fallout from the continuing COVID-19 pandemic as well as other shocks including extreme weather events,

Noting that developed countries have failed to deliver on the long-term climate finance goal of providing at least USD100 billion per annum by 2020, and continue to channel most resources to mitigation, with adaptation making up merely 20 percent of climate finance thus far,

Noting also that the scale of the current finance goal and the rate of disbursement of financing is incommensurate with the scale of the needs of developing countries to implement their climate plans which is estimated to be in the range of trillions of dollars,

Noting that despite the climate crisis not being of their making, SIDS have had to use their own resources, constrained by COVID, debt, a lack of policy and fiscal space wrought by global financial norms and inflexible rules, an absence of support, and, for some, the millstone of being classified as middle-income countries, to finance the climate crisis, jeopardizing progress towards the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Highlighting thus the need for a new collective quantified goal on climate finance that shifts from billions to trillions and adequately as well as predictably addresses the needs of developing countries in a timely fashion,

Taking note of the UNFCCC Synthesis Report which concludes that current NDCs fall far short of the mitigation ambition to maintain global temperatures below 1.5°C, and highlighting in particular that the major emitters especially those with historic responsibility have not submitted NDCs consistent with 1.5°C,

Underscoring that members of the Group of 20, who account for 75 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, have the greatest mitigation potential to curb emissions and keep 1.5°C within reach,

Recognizing that the Conferences of the Parties to the Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement are meeting for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic, and that it is expected to complete the Paris Agreement Work Programme in order to strengthen accountability, transparency and ensure environmental integrity, in line with the Paris Agreement and its subsequent Work Programme,

Recognizing also that this COP marks the first five-year cycle since the adoption of the Paris Agreement and therefore it is a first opportunity to examine Nationally Determined Contributions in light of the goals of the Paris Agreement,

Convinced that, in light of the foregoing, COP26 is the last best chance to keep 1.5°C within reach,

Resolved to engage across all of society to amplify a robust regional response to climate change, and motivated to do so to secure a safe climate future for our young people,

We, the CARICOM Ministers with responsibility for Climate Change, hereby declare that the Region faces a climate emergency and unavoidable loss and damage. We call urgently for unswerving global solidarity to deliver ambition, timely action, and support, for a just transition this decade with the aim of limiting global warming to well below 1.5°C. We demand climate justice and the assurance that our survival will not be compromised.

We call upon leaders at COP26 to close the emissions gap, scale up finance particularly for the most vulnerable, and agree on rules to guide parties to progressively increase and demonstrate highest ambition.

To close the emissions gap, we call on leaders of the Group of 20 to commit by COP26 to:

Urgently close the emissions gap in order to maintain global warming to well below 1.5°C;

Deliver, well before the global stocktake in 2023, new NDCs with 2030 targets that are consistent with the 1.5°C temperature goal and credible net zero by 2050 long-term strategies;

Support efforts to encourage the aviation and shipping sectors to align with the Paris goals; and,

Provide fair and just compensation for ecosystem services regarding climate and atmospheric regulation;

Ensure a green and sustainable approach to the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.

We resolve to continue to do our part to contribute ambitious climate plans and in this regard:

Commend fellow Member States who have already submitted ambitious targets and note encouragingly the efforts of others to finalize their submissions; and

Commit to marshal all efforts to present low emission development strategies in line with a net zero by 2050 commitment and adaptation communications or adaptation plans, as appropriate.

We also underscore the need to optimize synergies between climate action and COVID-19 responses to ensure a green and sustainable approach to the recovery and plea for the international community to urgently support:

CARICOM Members rapid access to grants and other sustainable and affordable financial instruments,

Improved modalities of access for the Region to climate finance including at the sub- national and local levels, direct access modalities as well as direct financing mechanisms, simplified approval procedures, innovative financial arrangements such as debt for climate swaps

Regional efforts to develop capacity, and access fit for purpose, state of the art technology, to improve and accelerate responses to climate change, and to strengthen monitoring and reporting,

Dedicated funds for adaptation and for loss and damage for SIDS; and,
Debt forgiveness, debt relief, and increased liquidity for the region.

To close the finance gap, we call on developed countries to:

Deliver on their goal of at least USD100 billion per annum by 2020, aiming for a balance between mitigation and adaptation, and to progressively scale up finance from the floor of USD100 billion p.a.;

Submit a credible plan for the period 2020 through to 2025, on delivering and going beyond the floor of USD100 billion p.a., that includes a specific target to significantly increase finance for SIDSin accordance with our needs, and modalities for fast-track financing in keeping with the emergency we face;

Ensure that all CARICOM Member States are able to access climate finance as grants and other concessionary instruments on affordable terms bearing in mind the lender’s responsibility not to undermine a country’s debt sustainability;

Provide dedicated funds additional to the USD100 billion p.a. floor to support the Caribbean and other SIDS in proactively responding to loss and damage already being incurred;

Support the establishment of a formal replenishment process for the Adaptation Fund;

Agree to a process for the new climate finance goal to be disaggregated to address:

adaptation; mitigation; loss and damage response; just transition; transparency; readiness and enabling activities; and mechanisms supporting capacity building, technology transfer and providing technical assistance to developing countries;

a sub-goal for non-state actors;

specific attention to the needs and capabilities of Small Island and low-lying Developing States; and,

transparency and consistency in reporting, linked to the enhance transparency framework and the implementation and compliance mechanism of the Paris Agreement; and

At the regional level, to enhance capitalization of the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility.

We also welcome the additional support of others in a position to do so.

To finalize the Paris Agreement Work Programme, we commit to work with all delegations:

Guided by the objective of enabling the highest possible ambition so as to maintain global warming to well below 1.5°C and to keep all Paris goals within reach, to elaborate article 6 rules and guidance emphasizing the need to address the core issues of:

environmental integrity,

A substantial discount rate on carbon credits in order to accelerate reduction of greenhouse gas emissions for the overall mitigation of global emissions in line with the 1.5°C temperature goal,

corresponding adjustments, avoidance of double counting and carryover of Kyoto Protocol units,

a defined share of proceeds that provides a significant predictable and sustainable source of finance contributing to the scaling up of adaptation finance that can be channeled to the Adaptation Fund; and

capacity building and technology transfer for developing countries to participate in the range of available article 6 approaches;

To ensure that in the operationalization of the rules and guidance of article 6 that developing countries are able to fully and effectively participate in, contribute to and benefit from market and non-market approaches;

Finalise the arrangements for the implementation of the enhanced transparency framework in line with the modalities, and guidelines agreed under the Paris Agreement Work Programme and in accordance with the principles of transparency, accuracy, consistency, completeness and comparability; and, expand capacity building support for SIDS and LDCs especially for generating data, and for reporting on support needed and received;

Synchronize nationally determined contributions (NDCs) preferably on a five-year timeframe with the aim of enabling progressive increase of ambition to limit global warming to well below 1.5°C;

Establish a process utilizing the best available science, to support the implementation, and assessment of progress of activities towards achieving the global goal on adaptation; and,

Agree on a time bound process for the full operationalization of the Santiago Network on Loss and Damage that will ensure that the Network can deliver on its mandate to developing countries, with adequate support, both institutional and financial.

Finally, we recall that thirty years ago, SIDS raised the issue of loss and damage and the need therefore for international cooperation to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. Thirty years later we are facing dangerous climate change and the SIDS are dangerously on its frontline. Clearly the models have not worked and there must now be renewed effort, renewed commitment and a different way of thinking.

We urge all leaders at COP26 to finally confront the reality of loss and damage in SIDS and to identify robust options on a way forward for the UNFCCC to deliver action and support that responds to this reality and ensures our survival. We emphasize that there is no more time for equivocation and no more time for delay

CARICOM